• Inhalation aromatherapy stimulates the olfactory system and prompts the brain to release neurotransmitters that promote relaxation.^14,17

• Topical aromatherapy is absorbed, typically through the skin, triggering endorphins, pain relievers, and mood boosters that affect the body’s nervous system.¹⁴

Common delivery methods include inhalation, ingestion, massage, compress or bathing. Common aromatic preparations include lavender, peppermint, citrus, ginger, eucalyptus, sandalwood or combinations of those scents to reduce physiological symptoms that patients may experience during admission. Aromatherapy is easily implemented, accessible, fast-acting and cost-effective.^15,17,18 It does not require specialized equipment or expertise, ample space or active patient participation.^15,17 Patients who receive aromatherapy have shown significant improvements in preoperative anxiety, duration of labor, nausea and vomiting, stress, fatigue, pain reduction, quality of sleep and immune system functioning.^8,15-19 The accessibility and ease of application of aromatherapy make it a simple intervention nurses can implement to best meet each patient’s needs. Despite its benefits, aromatherapy must be used thoughtfully. Nurses must understand aromatherapy's various functions and preparations and select appropriate methods based on the patient’s care goals. Both timing and method of application should be considered to optimize effectiveness. For example, certain aromatherapy products may only be used externally or may not be safe for direct application to the skin. Aromatherapy products must be used according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and nurses must know how to apply them appropriately. A thorough patient assessment is essential, and nurses should consider the patient’s preferences and values when implementing aromatherapy. Nurses are also responsible for providing education to increase patient acceptance, satisfaction, understanding and appropriate utilization of aromatherapy as an alternative intervention. Most importantly, nurses must consider whether there are contraindications to using aromatherapy. For example, nurses must assess whether patients are allergic or sensitive to specific aromas or essential oils, which would limit the use and effectiveness of aromatherapy interventions. Certain essential oils may cause adverse reactions such as eye irritation, respiratory irritation, contact dermatitis, phototoxicity or gastrointestinal issues.^13-14

Specific populations—such as the elderly, children, or patients with certain health conditions (e.g., G6PD deficiency, cardiac fibrillation)—may be especially vulnerable to certain essential oils used in aromatherapy.^13-14 Proper storage and handling are also necessary to prevent adverse safety events. As aromatherapy use grows, evidence-based guidelines, policies, procedures, and regulations must be established to ensure safe and effective practice. Nurses must stay informed about current research and best practices to integrate aromatherapy responsibly into holistic care. Holistic care means treating the whole person—mind, body and spirit. Complementary and integrative therapies and interventions, such as aromatherapy, can benefit nurses addressing symptom management. Aromatherapy has proven to be effective in improving anxiety, pain, nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, aromatherapy is an easily applicable, readily available, cost-effective intervention that nurses can use in various clinical settings and patient populations. However, nurses must be aware of potential risks and contraindications to ensure safe use. When used appropriately, aromatherapy empowers nurses to deliver compassionate, whole-person care that improves outcomes and enriches the patient experience.