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NURSING SCIENCE
The environmental awareness of nurses as environmentally sustainable health care leaders

Article Review by Teresa Kathleen Sparks, PhD, JD, MSN, RN, NPD-BC, Nurse Scientist, Houston Methodist Hospital

Science1.jpg
Title:
The Environmental Awareness of Nurses as Environmentally Sustainable Health Care Leaders: A Mixed Method Analysis
Published: April 2024
Level of Evidence: Level C
What was the purpose of the study?
The study aimed to assess nurses’ environmental awareness and behaviors, focusing on nurse leaders serving on “Green Teams,” and identify strategies to improve sustainability in health care settings.
What was the population?
Phase I included a random sample of nursing staff from institutions within Spain’s National Health System, who completed the Nurse’s Environmental Awareness Tool (NEAT-es). Phase II involved Green Team members and unit environmental coordinators, who participated in interviews and observation sessions.
Was the setting comparable to Houston Methodist? Did the nurses in the study share similar characteristics as the nurses at Houston Methodist?
The setting was somewhat comparable to Houston Methodist. Most participants worked in regional hospitals, while about one-third worked in primary care or nursing homes. The sample consisted of 76.4% females and 23.6% males, with experience levels evenly split: one-third had over 20 years of experience, one-third had between five and 20 years, and one-third had less than five years of experience.
What were the methods used in the study?
The study used a mixed-methods design with two phases:
  • Phase I: A cross-sectional, descriptive analysis using the NEAT-es tool, which included sub-scales for Nursing Awareness (NAS), Personal Environmental Behaviors (PEB) and Nursing Professional Environmental Behaviors (NPEB).
  • Phase II: Qualitative interviews and participant observation with environmental nurses.
What were the findings?
Phase I:
  • NAS: 70.4% reported moderate environmental awareness.
  • PEB: 57.3% followed environmental guidelines at home; 63.1% found home-based environmental tasks easier than workplace tasks.
  • NPEB: 52.2% rarely performed environmental activities at work; 35% cited difficulty implementing them. Recycling was considered easy (57.6%), yet over half engaged less often than desired.
Phase II:
  • Green Teams are essential for leading sustainability efforts.
  • Green Team activities positively influenced nurses.
  • Leadership involvement is critical for building a culture of environmental awareness.
  • Barriers include time constraints and a lack of resources.
  • Reducing the burden on nurses would improve sustainability.
Do the findings make sense?
Yes, the findings are consistent with the population and regional context studied.
What changed as a result of this study?
No immediate changes resulted from this study; however, its findings can guide nurses, leaders and health systems in creating and sustaining effective environmental practices and programs.
Why is this study important for nursing?
Nurses and nurse leaders play a crucial role in developing and maintaining environmentally responsible health care systems.
Reference:
Luque-Alcaraz, O.M., Aparicio-Martinez, P., Gomera, A., & Vaquero-Abellan, M. (2024). The environmental awareness of nurses as environmentally sustainable health care leaders: A mixed method analysis. BMC Nursing, 23(229), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01895-z